LESSON 10
Modal-the words such as can, could, may,
might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, and would, do not change form for different subjects.These are special verbs which behave irregularly in English.
They are completely
different from traditionalverbs like'work,play,visit' they Provide extra dataregarding the operate of the most verb that follows it.They have a good kind ofcommunicative functions.They are known as Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries)
What characteristics of modals have you talked about?
Read about the characteristics of modals:
Some characteristics of modal verbs:
• They never change their form. You can't
add 's', 'ed','ing'.
• They are always followed by an infinitive without 'to' (except in phrases like ought to).
• They are used to express certainty, possibility,willingness,obligation,necessity,a bility.
What different modals are there in English?
By now you should be able to make a list of the modal verbs.
Here is one:
• can
• could
• may
• might
• will
• would
• shall
• should
• must
Also you must have noticed some verbs of expressions such as dare,ought to,had better,and need not in the above story or dialogues.They often behave like modal auxiliaries and may be added to the list of modals.
Remember, modal verbs are used to express functions such as:
1. permission
2. ability
3. obligation
4. prohibition
5. lack of necessity
6. advice
7. possibility
8. probability
Uses Of can and could
The modal auxiliary can is used:
• to express ability (in the sense of being able to do something or knowing how to do something):
• to express permission (in the sense of being allowed or permitted to do something):
• to express possibility: (in the sense that something may happen)
Bangladeshi cricketers can do better if they play more international matches.
The modal auxiliary could is used
• to express an ability in the past:
I could run five miles when I was young.
• to ask for permission:
Could I borrow your laptop for an hour?
• to express present possibility:
We could spend the afternoon just sitting around and talking.
• to express possibility or ability within a given condition:
If he studied harder, he could pass the exam.
Uses of may and might
Read the sentences below and notice the uses of may/might. Discuss in pairs the functions of may and might in each sentence.
1. Take your umbrella as it may rain today.
2. He is still at work! He may come home late l'm afraid.
3. Jamil couldn't repair his fridge; he might have asked his neighbour.
4. They talked too loudly. They might have woken the baby!
5. Look at those clouds! It may rain in a minute.
Now read the section below to check when and where we use may/might.
Might is the past tense of may when used in the context of granting or seeking
permission. Also note that might is considerably more uncertain than may.
Example:
• May I leave class early?
• If I finish all my work, I might leave early.
Uses of must
Must
Must is the most commonly used modal to express certainty. It can also be used to express necessity or strong recommendation,although people often use the form 'have to'.
One may use must not to prohibit actions, but this sounds very strong or rude. It is better to use softer modal verbs such as should not or ought not to discourage something rather than prohibit.
Examples:
• This must be the right address! (certainty)
• Students must pass an admission to study at this school (necessity)
• You must take some medicine for that cough. (strong recommendation)
• Jenny,you must not play in the street! (prohibition)
★Next,I will talk about Uses of modal verb
Also read this:
*Preposition
*Types Of Adverbs
*Adverb
*Verb
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