Adverb

Adverb

Lesson 7


The words are used to answer the questions of how, when, why or where. These are adverbs. In fact, an adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb. It also refers to manner, place, time, degree or frequency.

Look at the following examples. Here adverbs are shown in bold and the verbs that they modify are in italics.

Rabbi speaks loudly. (How does Rabbi speak?)
Afterwards she talked with the journalists. (When did she talk?)
Dilruba lives nearby. (Where does Dilruba live?)

Look at the examples of adverbs that modify adjectives and adverbs.
Adverbs modifying an adjective:

He is really handsome. (How handsome is he?)
That was extremely kind of you.

Adverbs modifying another adverb:

She drives incredibly slowly. (How slowly does she drive?)
He drives extremely fast.

Remember that adverbs can also modify adjectives or even other adverbs.

Look at the sentences below:

Tania is really beautiful.
The plan worked very well.

Note: that adverbs have other functions too. Now look at the sentences below and find out what functions the adverbs have in these sentences.

• Obviously I don't know everything.
• He arrived immediately after the meeting.

You may have noticed two more functions of adverbs here, e.g. they can modify a whole sentence and they can modify a prepositional phrase.


Now read the following section to know more about how adverbs are formed.


Most of the adverbs are formed by adding ly with an adjective. For example, the word nice is an adjective and we can make the adverb nicely to talk about an action that is done in a nice manner.

As you have seen so far, adverbs frequently end in -ly however, some adjectives also end in ly. For example: lovely, lonely, motherly, friendly, neighbourly are adjectives.

For example:

That lovely woman lives in a friendly neighborhood.

Some adverbs have two forms, one that ends in -ly and one that doesn't. In bound cases, the two forms have totally different meanings.

Examples:

• He arrived late. (later than the scheduled time)
• Lately, he couldn't seem to be on time for anything. (recently)

In pairs, try to find more adverbs having two forms with two different meanings. Make sentences with them and share with another pair.

Position of Adverbs

Read the sentences below and notice the position of adverbs in each sentence.

1. Cheerfully the gold medalist greeted the crowd.
2. The gold medallist cheerfully greeted the crowd.
3. The gold medalist greeted the crowd cheerfully.


Now discuss the two questions in pairs:

• Do all these adverbs have the same position in the above sentences?
• What positions does the adverb cheerfully take in each sentence?

Let's read the following section to know more about positions that can
be taken by adverbs in a sentence.


Adverbs can appear in various positions in a sentence

For example:

•  you may find an adverb:

before the main verb:

• I never get up before nine o'clock.

between the auxiliary verb and the main verb:

•  I have rarely written to
• my father without an emergency.

before the verb:

used to: l always used to see him at his summer home.



★Next, I will discuss about Types of Adverb

Also read this:
* Parts Of Speech
* Noun
* Countable Noun
* Uncountable Noun
* Adjective
* Verb


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